까치밥나무의 자생지 환경인자와 생육 및 형태적 특성간 관계분석

김선아1*, 김도현1, 박관빈1, 이지현1, 차승아1, 정제나1, 최명석2
(1경상국립대학교 산림자원학과, 2경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원)

Relationship between Habitat Environmental Factors and Growth and Morphological Characteristics of Ribes mandshuricum(Maxim.)Kom.

Seon A Kim1*, Do Hyeon Kim1, Kwan Been Park1, Ji Hyeon Lee1, Seung A Cha1

Jenna Jung1, Myung Suk Choi1,2

(1Department of Forest environment Resource, Gyeongsang National University,

2Institute of Agriculture of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)

요약 : 까치밥나무(Ribes mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kom.)는 까치밥나무과에 속하는 관목성 자생수종으로, 내음성과 내한성이 강해 산간 계곡부 등 다양한 환경에 적응하며, 최근에는 열매의 항산화 성분을 기반으로 바이오소재 자원으로서의 활용 가능성도 주목받고 있다. 본 연구는 까치밥나무 자생지의 환경인자와 생육 및 형태적 특성 간의 관계를 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 전국 주요 자생지를 대상으로 기후요인(연평균기온, 강수량, 일조시간 등)과 토양의 물리·화학적 특성(pH, EC, 유기물 함량, 양이온교환용량 등)을 조사하고, 동시에 개체별 수고, 근원경, 분지수, 엽장, 엽폭 등의 형태적 형질을 측정하였다. 환경인자와 형태형질 간의 관계를 분석하기 위해 상관분석과 다변량 통계기법인 주성분분석과 군집분석을 적용하였다. 그 결과, 까치밥나무의 수고와 엽면적은 연평균기온과 토양 유기물 함량과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 주성분분석 결과, 전체 변이는 기후인자와 토양 비옥도를 반영하는 주요 축으로 구분되었으며, 자생지는 환경구배에 따라 형태적 특성이 뚜렷하게 분화되는 경향을 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과는 까치밥나무의 환경 적응 전략을 이해하는 데 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 향후 산림복원 및 유전자원 보전을 위한 입지 선정과 관리 전략 수립에 과학적 근거를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract : Ribes mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kom, a shrub species belonging to the family Grossulariaceae, is native to Korea and shows strong shade and cold tolerance, enabling it to adapt to diverse environments such as mountainous valleys. Recently, this species has also attracted attention as a potential bioresource due to the antioxidant compounds contained in its fruits. This study was conducted to clarify the relationships between environmental factors of natural habitats and growth and morphological characteristics of R. mandshuricum. Major natural populations across the country were surveyed to assess climatic factors, including annual mean temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration, as well as soil physical and chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter content, and cation exchange capacity. At the same time, individual morphological traits including plant height, basal diameter, number of branches, leaf length, and leaf width were measured. Correlation analysis and multivariate statistical methods, including principal component analysis and cluster analysis, were applied to evaluate the relationships between environmental variables and morphological traits. The results showed that plant height and leaf area were significantly and positively correlated with annual mean temperature and soil organic matter content. Principal component analysis indicated that the major sources of variation were associated with climatic factors and soil fertility, and natural populations were clearly differentiated in morphological characteristics along environmental gradients. These findings provide fundamental information for understanding the environmental adaptation strategies of R. fasciculatum var. chinense and are expected to contribute to the scientific basis for site selection and management strategies in forest restoration and genetic resource conservation.

Acknowledgements: This study was carried out with the support of ‘R&D Program for Forest Science Technology (Project No. RS-2024-0040519661382116530102)’ provided by Korea Forest Service.